Everything about Autonomous Region totally explained
An
autonomous area is an area of a
country that has a degree of
autonomy, or freedom from an external authority. Typically it's either geographically distinct from the country or is populated by a
national minority. Countries that include autonomous areas are often
federacies. Autonomous areas can be divided into territorial autonomies, personal autonomies (
cultural autonomy) and local autonomies.
For a list of autonomous areas, see
List of autonomous areas by country and
List of territorial autonomies.
Contemporary
Many autonomous areas lie within two of the world's largest countries,
People's Republic of China and
Russia.
Iraq
Iraqi Kurdistan is the only region which has gained official recognition internationally as an autonomous federal entity.
China
China (PRC) has four types of autonomous area.
Autonomous banner
Found only as
divisions of Inner Mongolia. In effect, these are autonomous counties (see below).
Autonomous county
The most numerous type of autonomous area in China, found both within and outside the larger autonomous prefectures and regions.
Autonomous prefecture
Autonomous region
A first-level administrative subdivision of China. There are five ARs in China. They are
Inner Mongolia AR,
Tibet AR,
Ningxia Hui AR,
Xinjiang Uyghur AR, and
Guangxi Zhuang AR.
Special administrative region
Although not autonomous in name, in practice China's special administrative regions (
Hong Kong and
Macau) enjoy a high degree of autonomy.
Russia
Apart from
its republics, which by definition have a degree of autonomy, Russia has two types of autonomous region:
Autonomous okrug
Okrug is a
transliterated Slavic loanword usually translated as "district". The sizes of okrugs, however, vary more widely than other areas commonly identified as "districts", from
large first-level divisions to third-level divisions within cities. As of 2008, Russia has four autonomous okrugs.
Autonomous oblast
Oblast is a transliterated Slavic loanword usually understood to mean "province"., one autonomous oblast exists: the
Jewish Autonomous Oblast.
Other countries
The other types of autonomous area to be found in the world are:
Autonomous city
Four cities are formally designated by their countries as autonomous: the
capital of
Uzbekistan,
Tashkent;the capital of
Belgium Brussels; the
Spanish exclaves of
Ceuta and Melilla; and the
Argentinian capital,
Buenos Aires. Another Argentinian city that has been pressing for autonomous status is
Rosario, a city of around one million inhabitants that receives less
subsidy than the smaller provincial capital
Santa Fe.
Autonomous commune
Bangui, the capital of the
Central African Republic, is described as an autonomous
commune (
commune autonome).
Autonomous community
The region-like areas into which
Spain's provinces are grouped are known as autonomous communities (
comunidades autónomas), as are the three
atolls constituting the
New Zealand territory of
Tokelau.
Autonomous province
Six countries formally designate areas of their territory as autonomous
provinces:
Autonomous region
In addition to the
autonomous regions of China mentioned above, various other areas of the world are formally described as autonomous regions:
the Faroe Islands and Greenland, two autonomous regions within the Kingdom of Denmark;
Rodrigues, an autonomous dependency within the Republic of Mauritius.
Iraqi Kurdistan;
the three autonomous regions of India;
the five "autonomous regions with special statute" in Italy;
the two autonomous regions of Portugal (the Azores and Madeira);
Mount Athos in Greece;
Zelaya in Nicaragua;
the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, within the Philippines.
the five municipalities, or caracoles in Chiapas, in the southeast of Mexico.
Nunatsiavut, a self-governing region of Labrador Inuit in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Nisga'a of British Columbia and Tli Cho of the Northwest Territories have self-government as a result of treaties
Autonomous republic
In addition to the Russian republics mentioned above, areas known as "autonomous republics" exist within some of the countries established following the end of the Soviet Union:
the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic within Azerbaijan;
Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Adjaria within Georgia;
the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province within Tajikistan;
the Autonomous Republic of Crimea within Ukraine;
the Karakalpakstan Republic within Uzbekistan.
the Palestinian Authority within Israel exercises certain sovereign powers within its borders, but isn't a fully independent government. The PA-administrated territories are internationally recognized as occupied by Israel, and not a proper part of that country.
Autonomous sector
The Bissau Region, in which Guinea-Bissau's capital Bissau is found, is described as an "autonomous sector" (sector autónomo).
Historical
Bantustans of apartheid-era South Africa and Namibia
Subcarpathian Ruthenia and Slovakia within Czechoslovakia (1938-1939)
Grand Duchy of Finland
Hungarian Autonomous Province
Other
Other areas that are autonomous in nature but not in name are areas designated for indigenous peoples, such as those of the Americas:
"Indian" (First Nation or Native American) reserves and reservations, in, respectively, Canada and the United States;
the five comarcas indígenas ("indigenous regions") of Panama.
If elected, the Action démocratique du Québec party, now the official opposition in the Canadian province of Quebec, promises to work to make Quebec an autonomous region within the Canadian confederation.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Autonomous Region'.
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